You can turn this bypass on or off. Go to Settings > [your name] > Password & Security, then turn Automatic Verification on or off.
Why does my iPhone keep asking for Captcha?
Google Captcha Issue Causes
If you have Private Relay enabled on your iPhone, iPad or Mac Safari will hide your IP address. Google might consider this unnatural and ask for a verification so that you can prove that you're human and the Google search isn't performed by a boot!
Why does my phone keep asking for Captcha?
Google might have marked your IP address as suspicious, which is why you are getting authentication request frequently. Changing your IP address might help as well. Most users have a dynamic IP address, which isn't hard to switch.