In the navigation pane, Ctrl+click or right-click the Exchange folder for which you want to empty the cache, and then click Properties. On the General tab, click Empty Cache.
Does Outlook for Mac have cache mode?
Outlook 2011/2016 for Mac:
Note: unlike Outlook for Windows, Outlook for Mac 2011/2016 always runs in Cached Mode and it is not possible to switch it to Online Mode.
How do I clean up Outlook for Mac?
Using Outlook Cleanup Tools Feature
In outlook Go to the File > Info > Cleanup Tools > Mailbox Cleanup.