What is integrity check in PGP?
You can check that the version of GnuPG that you want to install is original and unmodified by either verifying the file's signature or comparing the checksum with the one published in the release announcement.
How do PGP signatures work?
When sending digital signatures, PGP uses an efficient algorithm that generates a hash (a mathematical summary) from the user's name and other signature information. This hash code is then encrypted with the sender's private key. The receiver uses the sender's public key to decrypt the hash code.