What is Whonix gateway for?
Whonix-Gateway ™ is software that is designed to run Tor (onion routing) . Tor is privacy-focused software: The goal of onion routing was to have a way to use the internet with as much privacy as possible, and the idea was to route traffic through multiple servers and encrypt it each step of the way.
Is Whonix based on Debian?
Whonix ™ is based on Debian. Reasons for being based on Debian: stable distribution.
What is Whonix Linux?
Whonix (/huːnɪks/, HOO-niks) is a Kicksecure–based security hardened Linux distribution. Its main goals are to provide strong privacy and anonymity on the Internet. The operating system consists of two virtual machines, a "Workstation" and a Tor "Gateway", running Debian GNU/Linux.